Safeguarding Wildlife Ecosystem Health
The plague has historically been one of the deadliest bacterial infections, leading to the demise of an estimated 50 million Europeans during the mid-1300s, known then as the “Black Death.” Although modern sanitation, public health measures, and antibiotics have made the plague a rare occurrence, it remains a significant threat to wildlife, particularly in the western United States where prairie dog colonies are decimated and various rodents are infected.
Recent research from the University of Missouri has revealed new insights into how the plague can be transmitted among animals, specifically through a process where infected fleas can pass the bacteria directly to their offspring. This discovery underscores the ongoing concerns regarding the disease’s impact on wildlife populations.
Importance of Research on Infectious Diseases
The Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research (LIDR) at Mizzou is one of only 12 facilities in the United States classified as Biosecurity Level 3, enabling researchers to safely study diseases that pose a threat to both animals and humans. The work conducted here is crucial for developing innovative solutions to public health challenges and safeguarding ecosystem health, particularly as it relates to zoonotic diseases—those that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Rodents, particularly prairie dogs, are highly susceptible to the plague and their decline affects the broader ecosystem. For instance, in 2009, over 80% of the already endangered black-footed ferret population perished due to plague outbreaks, which ultimately compromised their primary food source.
The Risks of Plague to Humans
Fortunately, the risk of humans contracting the plague is low, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reporting an average of only seven cases annually in the United States, mainly occurring in the southwestern regions. However, without any vaccines available for human use, preparedness for potential outbreaks remains essential.
One Health Concept
This research exemplifies the One Health approach, emphasizing the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. Understanding how diseases like the plague spread among animal populations contributes to monitoring wildlife health and mitigating risks to human health. By studying the transmission dynamics of the plague, researchers can assist public health officials in managing wildlife-related health risks.
Unique Position of Mizzou in Disease Research
Mizzou’s LIDR recently benefited from funding through the UM System’s Research and Creative Works Strategic Investment Program. This has allowed the cultivation of a collaborative environment with experts from various disciplines, including veterinary medicine, agriculture, and medicine, all working towards addressing vector-borne diseases efficiently. Being in close proximity aids spontaneous discussions and knowledge sharing, further enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration.
Safety Measures in Research
The safety protocols at LIDR ensure that researchers can handle pathogens securely while striving to address significant societal challenges. The recent study titled “Transovarial transmission of Yersinia pestis in its flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis” highlights the scientific advancements being made in understanding plague transmission, paving the way for better public health strategies.
In conclusion, safeguarding wildlife ecosystem health is not just about the animals; it’s a vital aspect of public health. Continued research and collaboration in institutions like Mizzou are essential for addressing the interconnected health of animals, humans, and the ecosystems they share.
